We believe that the Bible is Gods written word for us.
However we also know that the Bible was written by men.
So how do we know it is the word of God and not just a sect? Muslims proclaim that the Bible is corrupted, what about that is true?

This chapter dives into the historical facts of the Bible. Along with some things that the Bible says about itself.

ChatGPT is used for giving context about certain things, like which variations are in the Bible.

Most notable for the early manuscripts are the Papyrus versions, since they are the oldest and thus contain the most reliable version of the new testament. This is also the base of identifying the alterations in the bible.
If, in a newer translation or version, something is added or removed than this is an indication that it was not in the original version and is thus added.
Also see the `wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri>`_ for the earliest Papyri.

Also see the 

We know of several alterations in the Bible, here is a list of the ones I could find(need to check a few):

* Mark 16:9-20: The longer ending of the Gospel of Mark is not found in some of the earliest manuscripts. Many modern translations note this and may include the passage but with a disclaimer about its disputed status.
* John 7:53-8:11: The story of the woman caught in adultery is not found in the earliest manuscripts of the Gospel of John. It is often included with a note indicating its contested status.
* 1 John 5:7-8 (Comma Johanneum): This passage, known as the Comma Johanneum, is a disputed longer reading regarding the Trinity. Most modern translations omit or footnote it, as it is not found in the earliest Greek manuscripts. `wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannine_Comma>`_
* TODO CHECK Matthew 16:2-3: Some manuscripts lack the saying about interpreting the signs of the weather in Matthew 16:2-3.
* TODO CHECK Luke 22:19b-20: The shorter reading of the institution of the Lord's Supper is found in some manuscripts, omitting the words "which is given for you" and "new covenant in my blood."
* TODO CHECK Luke 23:34a: Some manuscripts lack the phrase "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."
* Acts 8:37: This verse, containing the confession of the Ethiopian eunuch, is absent from some manuscripts.

Mark 16:9-20: The longer ending of the Gospel of Mark is not found in some of the earliest manuscripts. Many modern translations note this and may include the passage but with a disclaimer about its disputed status.

John 7:53-8:11: The story of the woman caught in adultery is not found in the earliest manuscripts of the Gospel of John. It is often included with a note indicating its contested status.

1 John 5:7-8 (Comma Johanneum): This passage, known as the Comma Johanneum, is a disputed longer reading regarding the Trinity. Most modern translations omit or footnote it, as it is not found in the earliest Greek manuscripts. `wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannine_Comma>`_

1 John 5:7-8 (Comma Johanneum): This passage, known as the Comma Johanneum, is a disputed longer reading regarding the Trinity. Most modern translations omit or footnote it, as it is not found in the earliest Greek manuscripts. 

TODO CHECK Matthew 16:2-3: Some manuscripts lack the saying about interpreting the signs of the weather in Matthew 16:2-3.

TODO CHECK Luke 22:19b-20: The shorter reading of the institution of the Lord's Supper is found in some manuscripts, omitting the words "which is given for you" and "new covenant in my blood."

TODO CHECK Luke 22:19b-20: The shorter reading of the institution of the Lord’s Supper is found in some manuscripts, omitting the words “which is given for you” and “new covenant in my blood.”

TODO CHECK Luke 23:34a: Some manuscripts lack the phrase "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."

TODO CHECK Luke 23:34a: Some manuscripts lack the phrase “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”

Acts 8:37: This verse, containing the confession of the Ethiopian eunuch, is absent from some manuscripts.

Simple overview of the translations of the bible and what they were translated from.

Bible Project documentation master file, created by
sphinx-quickstart on Fri Feb  9 11:56:30 2024.
You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
contain the root `toctree` directive.

This project dives in into the Bible and uses **only** the Bible to read and try to explain some things from the Bible. The goal is to know Gods word better and to explain and refute as Paul says in Hebrew 4: 12

 the Bible to read and try to explain some things from the Bible. The goal is to know Gods word better and to explain and refute as Paul says in Hebrew 4: 12

12 For the word of God is alive and active.
Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.
13 Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight.
Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the eyes of him to whom we must give account.

The exception for only using the Bible as source is the part about the Bible itself. That dives into the historical part of the Bible and the translations that were made.

The land promise for Israel is the term used to say that the people of Israel, the Jews, have a right to the country of Israel.

* Joshua 13-21: This land is only fully taken in the time of David and Solomon (TODO add refs)
* Numbers 34: TODO, ^^
* Ezekiel 47: The border that will be in the future.

Joshua 13-21: This land is only fully taken in the time of David and Solomon (TODO add refs)

In my opinion there is a difference in the bible about the *stranger in your gates* and your neighbour:

:caption: Leviticus 19: 16-18

16 “‘Do not go about spreading slander among your people.

“‘Do not do anything that endangers your neighbor’s life. I am the Lord.

17 “‘Do not hate a fellow Israelite in your heart. Rebuke your neighbor frankly so you will not share in their guilt.

18 “‘Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against anyone among your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord.

:caption: Leviticus 19: 33-34

33 “‘When a foreigner resides among you in your land, do not mistreat them.
34 The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native-born.
Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt. I am the Lord your God.

This chapter contians the scripture text I can find that talk about the climate and/or environment.
There is no real structure to it but mainly some notes about this topic.

What I find important to note is that this topic is very small in the Bible. I do not think you could fill 10 pages with it, maybe not even 1.
However, the judgment of the rich and the unfairness that is in society is a very much recurring subject.
With that perspective, I do not think the goal should be to improve the environment but to be fair and strive to live an honest and fair life.
Richess are not a biblical thing, but God does bless the righteous(TODO add note(psalms, Jesaja, Jeremia, Job, Salomon, )).

The climate and climate change, as the political theme that is used today(2024), does not exist in the Bible. The only references to something like climate is by the time of Noah after the great flood:

“As long as the earth endures,
seedtime and harvest,
cold and heat,
summer and winter,
day and night
will never cease.”

Some note that this means there were no seasons before the time of Noah.

The following text is often used to say that Christians should take care of the environment.

The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.

It should be noted that this text is in a context(the garden of Eden) and that the following verses should be added when reading it:

16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden;
17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die.”

Genesis 2:16 is used along with Genesis 9:4- for the Laws of Noah.

As quated from `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah>`_:

The seven Noahide laws as traditionally enumerated in the Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 56a-b and Tosefta Avodah Zarah 9:4,[21] are the following:[22]

Not to worship idols.[23]
Not to curse God.
Not to commit murder.[24]
Not to commit adultery or sexual immorality.[25]
Not to steal.[26]
Not to eat flesh torn from a living animal.[27]
To establish courts of justice.[28]

Leviticus probably contains the most and best laws and rules about the environment. Here is a list of things I could quickly find:

:caption: Leviticus 19: 19

19 “‘Keep my decrees.
“‘Do not mate different kinds of animals.
“‘Do not plant your field with two kinds of seed.
“‘Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of material.

:caption: Leviticus 19: 23-26

23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any kind of fruit tree, regard its fruit as forbidden.
For three years you are to consider it forbidden; it must not be eaten.
24 In the fourth year all its fruit will be holy, an offering of praise to the Lord.
25 But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit. In this way your harvest will be increased.
I am the Lord your God.

26 “‘Do not eat any meat with the blood still in it.

:caption: Leviticus 19:29

“‘Do not degrade your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the land will turn to prostitution and be filled with wickedness.

:caption: Leviticus 19:35

“‘Do not use dishonest standards when measuring length, weight or quantity.
36 Use honest scales and honest weights, an honest ephah and an honest hin.
I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt.

Genesis 9:20-27

20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard:
21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.
22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.
23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.
24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him.
25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.
27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

When Ibn Umar—son of the second Muslim caliph—heard people declaring that they knew the entire Koran, he said to them: “Let none of you say,
‘I have learned the whole of the Koran,’ for how does he know what the whole of it is, when much of it has disappeared?
Let him rather say, ‘I have learned what is extant thereof’”

Many (of the passages) of the Qur’an that were sent down were known by those who died on the day of Yamama... but they were not known (by those who) survived them, nor were they written down, nor had Abu Bakr, Umar or Uthman (by that time) collected the Qur’an, nor were they found with even one (person) after them.

Abu Musa al-Ashari sent for the reciters of Basra.
They came to him and they were three hundred in number.
They recited the Qur’an and he said:
    You are the best among the inhabitants of Basra, for you are the reciters among them.
    So continue to recite it.
    (But bear in mind) that your reciting for a long time may not harden your hearts as were hardened the hearts of those before you.
    We used to recite a Surah which resembled in length and severity to (Surah) Baraat.
     I have, however, forgotten it with the exception of this which I remember out of it:
        “If there were two valleys full of riches, for the son of Adam,
        he would long for a third valley, and nothing would fill the
        stomach of the son of Adam but dust.”
    And we used to recite a Surah which resembled one of the Surahs of Musabbihat, and I have forgotten it...

said, “Surat al-Ahzab used to be recited in the time of the Prophet with two hundred verses,
but when Uthman wrote out the codices he was unable to procure more of it than there is in it today [i.e. 73 verses].”

It was narrated that ‘Aishah said: “The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow.
When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it.”

Ubai bin Kab is listed above alongside Masud as one of the great reciters of the Quran commended by Muhammad himself.
Sahih Al-Bukhari Volume 6, Book 61, Number 527 records about Ubai bin Kab:

Umar said Ubai was the best of us in the recitation (of the Koran) yet we leave some of what he recites.

s
Mohamed himself admits to forgetting the Koran and so do his companions.

* Sahih Bukhari: Book 66, Hadith 62
* Sahih Bukhari Book 66, Hadith 63
* Sahih Muslim:- Book 6, Hadith 271
* Sahih Bukhari Book 66 Hadith 63
* Sahih Muslim Book 6, Hadith 271

Let no one of you say that he has acquired the entire Koran, for how does he know that it is all?
Much of the Koran has been lost, thus let him say, ‘I have acquired of it what is available’".

Al Suyuti also tells this story about Ubay ibn Ka’b, one of the great companions of Mohamed:

"How many verses in the chapter of the Parties?" He said, "Seventy-three verses."
He (Ubay) told him, "It used to be almost equal to the chapter of the Cow (about 286 verses) and included the verse of the stoning".
The man asked, "What is the verse of the stoning?" He (Ubay) said, "If an old man or woman committed adultery, stone them to death."

Al-Suyuti, one of the most famous and revered of the commentators of the Koran.

It was narrated from Anas, that the Messenger of Allah had a female slave with whom he had intercourse,
but Aisha and Hafsa would not leave him alone until he said that she was forbidden for him.
Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: Q 66:1 "O Prophet!
Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you?"

That the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death).

Koran 18:90: The sun rises on a people with no protection from it

Koran 2:29: Earth was created first

  - Koran 79:27-30: Heaven was created first

Palestine is not mentioned in the Quran(it is in the bilbe as Filistea), Israel is mentioned 47 times.

Sura 5:68 clearly mentions the Torah and the Gospel as the word of God.

How could it then be corrupted, the Quran says that the word of God cannot be changed in Sura 6:115.

The Word of your Lord has been perfected in truth and justice. None can change His Words. And He is the All-Hearing, All- Knowing.

The idea of ``bible stories`` is to learn stories in the bible as a game. Just like the game: ``Black stories``.

 is to learn stories in the bible as a game. Just like the game: 

A short description is given of the story and the players need to guess the bible story.

.. code-block:: text

    Onesimus in de brief van Paulus aan Filemon.
    Onesimus betekent nuttig en was een weg gelopen slaaf die,
    met een brief van Paulus, terug ging naar zijn meester Filemon.

Onesimus in de brief van Paulus aan Filemon.
Onesimus betekent nuttig en was een weg gelopen slaaf die,
met een brief van Paulus, terug ging naar zijn meester Filemon.

    Kores in Jesaja 45:1.
    Kores wordt in Jesaja 45:1 genoemd als de gezalfde van God.
    Hij was het die de Joden toestemming gaf om terug te keren naar Jeruzalem.

Kores in Jesaja 45:1.
Kores wordt in Jesaja 45:1 genoemd als de gezalfde van God.
Hij was het die de Joden toestemming gaf om terug te keren naar Jeruzalem.

Onesimus zijn, naam betekent nut of nuttig, was een slaaf van Filemon die weg gelopen is.
Volgens de Roomse traditie heeft die bij zijn vlucht ook nog iets gestolen.
Paulus vraagt Filemon om, als Onesimus hem iets schuldig is, het op hem te verhalen.
Ook blijkt vanuit de tekst dat Onesimus voorheen niet nuttig was(vers 11).

Filemon 1:11
Hij was voorheen voor u van geen nut, maar nu is hij
voor u en voor mij van veel nut. Ik heb hem teruggestuurd.

Het was een nietsnut zou je wel kunnen zeggen. Die ook nog eens weg gelopen is.
Wat in ieder geval zeker is, is dat dit een gevluchte slaaf is die tot geloof gekomen is.

In Kolossenzen 4 vers 17 wordt Onesimus nog een keer genoemd en hierom gaan we ervan uit dat de huis gemeente van Filemon geplaats was in Kolosse.

Wat mij als eerste opviel aan de brief is dit gaat over slavernij in het Nieuwe testament.
Normaal gesproken hebben we het vooral over de wetten, regels en het bloedvergieten in het oude testament waar we ons niet in kunnen vinden.
Maar dit is een brief van het nieuwe testament, na de tijd dat Christus op aarde onder ons was.

Onesimus was een slaaf van een Christelijke eigenaar(Filemon).
Deze brief is opgesteld aan de huis gemeente van Filemon.
Filemon wordt in deze brief de gelievde broeder en mede arbeider genoemd.
Het was dus wel een oprechte volgeling van Christus.

Ook zijn vrouw Appia(de geliefde) en zijn zoon Archippus worden genoemd.

Filemon 1:5 Ik hoor namelijk over uw liefde, en geloof dat u
in de Heere Jezus hebt, en over uw liefde voor alle heiligen.

Het was dus waarschijnlijk ook niet zo dat Onesimus weg liep omdat deze slecht behandeld werd.

Als voorbereiding heb ik kort gekeken naar de wet van de romeinen als het ging om slaven.
Slaven waren in het Romeinse rijk een essentieel onderdeel van het functioneren van het Rijk.
Ze vervulden veel functies, van lage functies (werken op het land) tot hele hoge bureaucratische functies.
Hierdoor was het ook mogelijk voor slaven zichzelf vrij te kopen maar ze konden bijvoorbeeld geen rechtszaak aanspannen.
Een eigenaar mocht zijn slaaf niet zomaar doden, hij had daar een legitieme reden voor nodig.
Maar als een slaaf wegliep mocht dat bijvoorbeeld wel.
Slaven hadden nauwelijks rechten, ze waren bezit van hun eigenaar.

Paulus vraagt Filemon niet om Onesimus vrij te laten maar om hem weer aan te nemen.
Hoewel Paulus ook aangeeft dat Onesimus in zijn huidige rol erg nuttig is.
De vraag die ik hierbij stel is: 'Waarom moest hij terug naar zijn meester als die al nuttig werk deed?'
Dat doet Paulus niet, in plaats daarvan spoort hij zijn broeder in liefde aan.

De vraag die ik hierbij stel is: ‘Waarom moest hij terug naar zijn meester als die al nuttig werk deed?’

Filemon 1:8
Daarom, hoewel ik in Christus grote vrijmoedigheid heb om u te bevelen wat u behoort te doen,
spoor ik u veel liever aan door de liefde, omdat ik, Paulus, een oud man ben en nu ook een
gevangene van Jezus Christus.

Het terugsturen is ook wel in lijn met de andere brieven van Paulus waarin hij bijvoorbeeld aangeeft dat slaven hun meesters moeten gehoorzamen(Efeze 6:5-8).

1 Timotheüs 6:1
1. Dienstknechten die het slavenjuk dragen, moeten hun eigen meester alle
eer waard achten, opdat de Naam van God en de leer niet gelasterd worden.
1. En zij die gelovige meesters hebben, mogen hen niet minachten, omdat zij
broeders zijn. Zij moeten hen juist des te meer dienen, omdat zij gelovig
en geliefd zijn, en mede deelhebben aan deze weldaad. Onderwijs deze
dingen en spoor ertoe aan.

Paulus ziet het gehoorzaam zijn aan je meester als een stuk reclame voor het Christendom.
Hier kunnen we wel wat van leren denk ik. Ben ik reclame voor het Christendom?
Of zorg ik ervoor dat de er laster komt over het Christendom?

Gelukkig is het wel zo dat Paulus slaven aanspoort vrij te komen als ze dat kunnen (1 Korinthe 7:21).

1 Korinthe 7:21
Bent u als slaaf geroepen, dan moet u zich daarover niet bekommeren.
Kunt u echter ook vrij worden, maak dan liever van die gelegenheid gebruik.

Een van de beste dingen die het Christendom gebracht heeft is wel het einde van de slavernij.
Iedereen is gelijk in Christus.

Paulus benoemt dat Onesimus voor hem van veel nut is. Hij had ook wel bij hem willen houden maar hij wilde niets doen zonder toestemming van Filemon.

Filemon 1:13-14
13. Ik had hem wel bij mij willen houden, opdat hij mij, die in de boeien zit ter wille van het Evangelie, namens u zou dienen.
14. Maar ik heb zonder uw goedvinden niets willen doen, opdat uw weldaad niet gedwongen maar vrijwillig bewezen zou worden.

Paulus vraagt om een vrijwillige weldaad van Filemon. Hier kan ik ook wat van leren.
Ben ik nuttig voor mijn Broeders en zusters in de gemeente? Of alleen maar een nietsnut?

Hoe het afloopt met Onesimus weten we niet.
Ik kan me voorstellen dat Onesimus door de weeks zijn taken als slaaf op zich nam en in het weekend de gemeente diende.
Volgens de overlevering is Onesimus later eerst broeder en daarna bisschop geworden van Efeze.